Buick Encore: Description and operation
Dual phase steel
This information provides repair recommendations and general guidelines for
steel classified as Dual Phase
Steel (dual phase steel with a tensile strength up to and including 800 MPa),
also known as DP.
General Motors recommends the following when repairing or replacing this type
of steel during collision repair.
NOTE: The use of heat to repair damage is not recommended for this
classification of
steel.
Recommended Repairs
- Cold repairs can be performed on this type of steel, unless the damage
includes kinks. If the damage
includes kinks, the part should be replaced.
- Sectioning or partial replacement of this type of steel is recommended
only at approved locations, in a
specific sectioning procedure.
- This type of steel can be used as a sleeve, or backer plate, when
recommended in a specific sectioning
procedure.
- Squeeze resistance spot welding can be used to replace factory spot
welds, where applicable.
- MIG plug welding and MIG stitch welding can be used on this type of
steel.
- MIG brazing can be used on this type of steel.
HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY STEEL
This information provides repair recommendations and general guidelines for
steel classified as High Strength
Low Alloy Steel, also known as HSLA. This type of steel normally has a tensile
strength range from 300-700
MPa.
General Motors recommends the following when repairing or replacing this type of
steel during collision repair.
Recommended Repairs
- Cold repairs can be performed on this type of steel, unless the damage
includes kinks. If the damage
includes kinks, the part should be replaced.
- Controlled use of heat can be used to repair damage, if the heat does
not exceed 650º C (1200º F). The
heat should be applied a maximum of 2 times, for up to 90 seconds.
- Sectioning or partial replacement of this type of steel is recommended
only at approved locations, in a
specific sectioning procedure.
- This type of steel can be used as a sleeve, or backer plate, during
sectioning procedures.
- Squeeze resistance spot welding can be used to replace factory spot
welds, where applicable.
- MIG plug welding and MIG stitch welding can be used on this type of
steel.
- MIG brazing can be used on this type of steel.
MILD STEEL
This information provides repair recommendations and general guidelines for
steel classified as Mild Steel. This
type of steel normally has a tensile strength less than 270 MPa. This includes
the common steel names of:
- Mild Steel
- Bake Hardenable Steel (BH)
- Solid Solution Strengthened Steel
General Motors recommends the following when repairing or replacing this type
of steel during collision repair.
Recommended Repairs
- Cold repairs can be performed on this type of steel, unless the damage
includes kinks. If the damage
includes kinks, the part should be replaced.
- Controlled use of heat can be used to repair damage, if the heat does
not exceed 650º C (1200º F). The
heat should be applied a maximum of 2 times, for up to 90 seconds.
- Sectioning or partial replacement of this type of steel is recommended
only at approved locations, in a
specific sectioning procedure.
- This type of steel can be used as a sleeve, or backer plate, when
recommended in a specific sectioning
procedure.
- Squeeze resistance spot welding can be used to replace factory spot
welds, where applicable
- MIG plug welding and MIG stitch welding can be used on this type of
steel.
- MIG brazing can be used on this type of steel.
Ultra high strength dual phase steel
This information provides repair recommendations and general guidelines for
steel classified as Ultra High
Strength Dual Phase Steel (dual phase steel with a tensile strength greater than
800 MPa), also known as DPX.
General Motors recommends the following when repairing or replacing this type of
steel during collision repair
NOTE:
- Repair of this type of steel is not recommended.
- This type of steel should be replaced at factory joints only.
Sectioning or
partial replacement is not recommended.
- The use of heat to repair damage is not recommended for this type of
steel.
- Stitch welding is not recommended for this type of steel.
- This classification of steel cannot be used as a backing
reinforcement or a
sleeve for a sectioning joint, unless a specific procedure is available.
Recommended Repairs
- Squeeze resistance spot welding can be used to replace factory spot
welds, where applicable.
- MIG plug welding can be used to replace factory spot welds.
- MIG brazing can be used to replace factory spot welds.
ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH STEEL
This information provides repair recommendations and general guidelines for
steel classified as Ultra High
Strength Steel, also know as UHSS. This type of steel normally has a tensile
strength greater than 700 MPa.
This includes the common steel names of:
- Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS)
- Martensitic Steel (MS)
- Press Hardened Steel (PHS)
- Boron Steel
NOTE:
- Repair of this type of steel is not recommended.
- This type of steel should be replaced at factory joints only.
Sectioning or
partial replacement is not recommended.
- The use of heat to repair damage is not recommended for this type of
steel.
- Stitch welding is not recommended for this type of steel.
- This type of steel can not be used as a backing reinforcement or a
sleeve
for a sectioning joint.
Recommended Repairs
- Squeeze resistance spot welding can be used to replace factory spot
welds, where applicable.
- MIG plug welding can be used to replace factory spot welds.
- MIG brazing can be used to replace factory spot welds.
SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
SPECIAL TOOLS
READ NEXT:
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
NOTE: Manufacturer's terminology for this filter is passenger
compartment air filter.
CABIN AIR FILTER
Removal & Installation
Fig. 1: Passenger Compartment Air Filter
SEE MORE:
NOTE: This is GENERAL information. This article is not
intended to be specific to any
unique situation or individual vehicle configuration. The purpose of this
Trouble
Shooting information is to provide a list of common causes to problem
symptoms. For model-specific Trouble Shooting, refer to SUBJ
Cooling fan description and operation (LUJ OR LUV)
The engine cooling fan system is composed of one cooling fan, a series of 5
relays, the engine control module
(ECM), and the associated wiring. The cooling fan assembly includes two
resistors. This combination of
components enables the ECM to oper